In Jewish tradition it is believed that the period of prophecy, called Nevuah, ended with Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi at which time the "Shechinahdeparted from Israel". Moses their great leader warned the people of Israel not to disobey the LORD or else: Hence the year 571/70 must not be considered as necessarily marking the end of his ministry. But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). ), those pointing forward to the eternal rest in Canaan (Isaiah 11:6-9; 35; 65:17-25; 66:20-23; Jeremiah 17:25; Ezekiel 37; 40-48; Zechariah 2:6-12; 14:4-11), and those promising deliverance from her enemies (Isaiah 2:10-21; 24-26; Ezekiel 38; 39; Joel 3; Zephaniah 1; 2; Zechariah 9:9-17; 10-14; etc. He would have come, He would have died, and would have risen again. It is ever the privilege of those who witness the fulfillment of prophecy to remember and believe (John 13:19; 14:29; John 16:4). Zechariah probably belonged to a priestly family (chapter 1:1; cf. Ambassadors from one foreign country after another would come to discover, if they might, the great secret of Israels success as a nation, and its leaders would have the opportunity of directing the minds of their visitors to the Source of all good things. The prophets vivid description of the catastrophe that had befallen Thebes leaves the impression that the event was still fresh in the memory of the people, whereas Assyrias power, although waning, was not yet near its end. The establishment of the Hebrew monarchy did not affect the basic principles of the theocracy (Deuteronomy 17:14-20; 1 Samuel 8:7). Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. They looked for Messiah to reign as a temporal prince (cf. This fact is recognized by the various New Testament writers, who quoted Isaiah more than 90 times. For example, Nathan was King David's prophet, and he was financially supported by the king. Finally, it was demonstrated before the universe that, apart from God, humanity could not be uplifted, and that a new element of life and power must be imparted by Him who made the world. A|D.X#. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). The book of Haggai contains four addresses, each bearing a precise date giving the day, month, and year of Darius reign. 2. Micah was a prophet from Moresheth-gath (chapter 1:1, 14), probably Tell ejJudeideh in southwestern Judah. Since the hostile acts of the heathen peoples committed against Judah (chapter 3:4 ff.) He appears on the Bible Timeline Poster around the 8th century B.C. stream Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel This tables shows the reigns of each of the Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the dates and lengths of the reigns, and the prophets who were active at that time. However, the chronological data given by Micah are against such an identification and show that a century or more lies between the two men. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. Predictions of national disgrace, rejection, and woe that were to result from apostasy would never have been realized. Log in, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kings, timeline of Old Testament prophets and kings, David, great goodness and great sins, yet always a man after Gods own heart, Samuel and Saul, the importance of listening to God & how to do it, Judges & Ruth, My Way or Gods Way, how to live the best way, How to Correctly Understand & Apply Bible Stories & Biblical Narratives, The Book of Joshua, 9 Lessons on how to fight and win in the battles of life, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kingswhere they fit in history, NEW for 2023 Reading Schedules through the Bible in Chronological Historical order, plus free journaling pages, Intro & Overview of Old Testament Prophets, little understood, incredibly important, Joshua: How to fight and win in the battles of life, Deuteronomy: Gods love and how we should live in response. Hence, 640 B.C., about midway between the two limits, marked by the destruction of Thebes and the fall of Nineveh, would seem to be a reasonable conjectural date for Nahums prophetic ministry. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. In these tragic events the words of Moses met their final and complete fulfillment: As the Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the Lord will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goes to possess it. See also the Chronology of the Latter Prophets and the Intertestamental Period. *The prophets are listed according to their order in the Scriptures. It was probably at this time, when Daniel was nearly 90 years of age, that he was commanded to conclude his book and seal it up (chapter 12:4, 13). Timeline of the Prophets chapter 11:18). They grasped at the material blessings so generously offered them, but refused the spiritual graces that would have transformed their lives and fitted them to be His representatives. A study of the Old Testament prophets that consists primarily of lifting selected passages here and there out of their historical context and arbitrarily applying them to our dayas if the prophet spoke exclusively for our benefitis fraught with grave danger. In a mysterious way known only to God the prophets words were sometimes intended to meet their fulfillment in the then far-distant future. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. Ninevehs destruction, which came in 612, is referred to as a future event, indicating that Zephaniahs work preceded this date. That some of the words he uses are also found in Jeremiah (Obadiah 1, 3, 4; cf. But here, as in all exposition of Scripture, we should avoid affirming as the explicit teachings of the Bible that which is our private, finite view, however plausible it may appear to be. Formal worship took the place of sincere religion (cf. And the Lord shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other (Deuteronomy 28:63, 64). **All dates are approximate time periods of each prophet's ministry. ), have never been and can never be fulfilled to them as a nation. When Messiah came, His own people, the Jews, received him not (John 1:11). He purposed to make them an honor to His name and a blessing to the nations about them. The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. It is possible that he was a Temple singer, since his third chapter is dedicated to the chief singer on my stringed instruments (chapter 3:19). Israel's Kings and Prophets This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. With the crucifixion of Christ they forever forfeited their special position as Gods chosen people. Mormons have distinctive beliefs on what a prophet is. Furthermore, it should be remembered that the Messiah, after the flesh, was a Jew, that the charter members of the Christian church were all Jews, and that Christianity grew out of Judaism. This fact weakens the arguments for such a late date. The prophet was a citizen of Judah, but delivered messages to the kingdom of Israel as well. Continued obedience was necessary to the continuance of divine favor, whereas persistent disobedience must inevitably culminate in the rejection of the Jewish nation as Gods chosen instrument for carrying out the divine plan (Deuteronomy 28:15-68). All rights reserved. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. God placed His people in Palestine, the crossroads of the ancient world, and provided them with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the face of the earth. The short book of Obadiah, consisting of only 21 verses, is not dated and its chronological setting is uncertain. He should not be confused with Micaiah, the son of Imlah, a prophet of Israel in Ahabs time (9th century B.C.). One of the main objectives of the Bible commentator is to reconstruct the historical setting in which the declarations of the prophets were originally made. Below is a list of the prophets with dates, kings and historical events regarding Israel and her prophets. Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns on Kings of Judah and Israel This tabular displays and reigns of either of to Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the daten and lengths of the ruler, and the prophets who where active at that time. Where the Bible text summarizes a king's reign -- - - Partial years were sometimes counted as full years. List of Jewish Prophets Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project, 10 Key Points About Work in the Bible Every Christian Should Know, Beyond Rank and Power: What Philemon Tells Us About Leadership, Learning From the Psalms How to Pray Through Your Work, Situating the Prophets in Israels History, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. For Haggai, the drought of the land and the ruin of the temple are inseparable. United kingdom under Saul, David, Solomon, c. 1030 - 931. Nothing is known of the prophet Joel beyond the fact that he was the son of Pethuel (chapter 1:1). The exposition of Scripture attempted by proponents of the British-Israel theory consists of an admixture of selected Bible passages with legend, folk tales, and speculation. He says specifically that by Jew he does not mean a literal Jew but one converted at heart, whether he be Jew or Gentile (chapter 2:28, 29). Chronology of the Latter Prophets and the Intertestamental Period. All rights reserved. However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. The prophets of ancient Israel spoke about the events mentioned in the Old Testament long before they actually happened. One challenging point in history is the divided kingdoms of Israel (the 10 northern tribes) and Judah (the 2 southern tribes). Salvation was to be of the Jews, in that the Messiah would be a Jew (John 4:22), and by the Jews, as messengers of salvation to all men (Genesis 12:2, 3; 22:18; Isaiah 42:1, 6; 43:10; Galatians 3:8, 16, 18). In spite of Israels ultimate failure, a limited knowledge of the true God and of the Messianic hope was widespread when the Saviour was born (see on Matthew 2:1). Several of the prophets messages are dated exactly, and the last of these dated prophetic messages was received in the 27th year of Ezekiels captivity (chapter 29:17), 571/70. Malachi 3:12), and their God the only true God (Isaiah 45:14). Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. But it is only against the background of the original historical context of the message that its meaning and value for us can be established with certainty. Superior intellect. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. NOTE: This will conclude our study of Kings. The present-day return of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of the modern state of Israel do not imply reinstatement as Gods people, present or future. Before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, God warned them not to forget that the blessings they were to enjoy there if they cooperated with Him would come as divine gifts (see Deuteronomy 8:7-14), not primarily as the result of their own wisdom and skill (verses 17-19). Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. Nation after nation would come over (Isaiah 45:14), that is, be joined with and cleave to the house of Jacob (chapter 14:1). Here Paul affirms that the rejection of the Jews did not mean that the promises of God had taken none effect (Romans 9:6), and explains immediately that they are to become effective through spiritual Israel. 1 Kings 22:28). Any nation and kingdom that would not serve Israel was to perish chapter (60:12). Examine the prophecy in its entirety. Jer 2 - 6 2, 3God sends Jeremiah to Jerusalem to give a series of messages to the people of Judah. Also note that during this time the prophets Jeremiah & Ezekiel were active. 536BC-516BC - Temple rebuilt by Zerubbabel | Bibleview But this will always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site. Unparalleled prosperity. It is possible that he worked much longer, as part of chapters 9-14 may have been given at a much later time. Timeline of the Prophets Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project The table below shows where in time the prophets fit within the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. The remaining messages and prophecies, found in chapters 9-14, are not dated, a fact that prevents us from fixing the duration of the prophets activity. For some time he held a high position in Nebuchadnezzars government (chapter 2:48), and became a trusted counselor of the great king. Hence, the year 603 can be considered as the beginning of Daniels ministry as a prophet. I will call them my people, which were not my people (Romans 9:25, 26). The Kings of Israel & Judah Why Study the Kings? Prophecies of the former classification cannot now be fulfilled because they were strictly conditional in nature and limited in scope, by their very nature, to literal Israel. If these rules are consistently followed the resulting interpretation can be accepted with confidence. In that day every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts (Zechariah 14:16; cf. Jonah **Uzziah is alive until 740, King of Israel Jeroboam II (793-753) Important Dates 760 750 740 (767-740**) but 750. (r!W6 l3uY8&"|flz;44~6. In trying to keep all of these people and messages clear in my mind, I have put together a list of all the kings and prophets during the period of the divided kingdom (roughly 931-586 BC). The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. Hence, he seems to have labored at a time before Assyria played a role in Palestinian affairs. ;vx(>_w$ [U-hFzy\v?>}_|z|wxuzv/jO]vNNrz'_=}2 @/^? All nations of earth were to share in the blessings so generously bestowed upon Israel. b. His word endureth for ever (1 Peter 1:25). The state was still to be administered in the name, and by the authority, of God. Updated: Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Sign up to receive in your inbox a free daily reading of the Old & New Testament from Bible Gateway, Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Reading and Understanding the Bible: An Interview with Ben Witherington III, The Cities That Built the Bible: Guest Post by Robert Cargill, The Bible in Graphic Novel Form: An Interview with Art Ayris. Between the return from Babylon and the rejection of the Messiah, Israel was to have its second and final opportunity as a nation to cooperate with the divine plan (see Jeremiah 12:14-17). This chart includes only the major prophetic figures of the Old Testament period. Desiring the same blessings for themselves, they would make inquiry as to how they too might acquire these obvious material advantages. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. The success of Israel was to be based on and to include: 1. Promises not already fulfilled to literal Israel either would never be fulfilled at all or would be fulfilled to the Christian church as spiritual Israel. ***The Scripture references provided are those that help estimate the time periods of each prophets ministry. They rejected the Light of the world, and henceforth their lives were surrounded with darkness as the darkness of midnight. Timeline of the Prophets PDF Image Prophets Obadiah 848 BC - 840 BC Jonah 782 BC - 753 BC Amos 765 BC - 750 BC Hosea 750 BC - 725 BC Isaiah 740 BC - 681 BC Micah 735 BC - 710 BC Nahum 650 BC - 630 BC Zephaniah 630 BC - 625 BC Jeremiah 627 BC - 582 BC Habakkuk 608 BC - 597 BC Show More. Paul states the same truth in Romans 9:30, 31, where he makes it plain that the Christian church has replaced the Hebrew nation in the divine plan. Used by permission. True and whole-hearted worship ushers in peace and blessing from the land. Upon His final departure from the sacred precincts of the Temple, Jesus said, Your house is left unto you desolate (Matthew 23:38). Even the heathen would recognize the superiority of those who served and worshiped the living God. Literal Jews may still find salvation by being grafted into spiritual Israel, in precisely the same way that Gentiles are to be grafted in (verses 23, 24). The close of his ministry is tentatively set by some scholars at 510. A less-well-defined school of interpretation bases its approach to the prophetic portions of the Old Testament on the theory that the prophet, while bearing messages to the people of his day, also took occasional excursions into the distant future, with the result that many of his forecasts did not apply to literal Israel at all, but were intended exclusively for Israel after the spirit, that is, for the church today. Only when its leaders formally rejected the Messiah and declared before Pilate their allegiance to no king but Caesar (John 19:15) did Israel as a nation irrevocably withdraw from the covenant relationship and the theocracy. What makes it challenging when reading straight through the Bible [in chronological order] is that the history is covered in 1 and 2 Kings and then again in 1 and 2 Chronicles. Though the prophet looked at events about him, he also could see far beyond his own day. In an age when every wind of doctrine is blowing it is well to make certain that our understanding of Bible prophecy rests upon a positive Thus saith the Lord (see Deuteronomy 29:29; Isaiah 50:11; Jeremiah 2:13; Matthew 7:24-28; 1 Corinthians 2:4, 5, 12, 13; Eph. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. Louis F. Hartman and Alexander A. A date, possibly about 630 B.C., but before the Chaldeans had become a power of some importance, would seem most appropriate for the period of Habakkuks prophetic activity. For a graphic picture of how one nation would have responded to the irresistible appeal radiating from an Israel faithful to God, see Isaiah 19:18-22; cf. Owing to the failure of the Jews as Gods chosen people, many of the prophecies of the Old Testament, such as those affirming the worldwide mission of Israel and the ingathering of the Gentiles (see Genesis 12:3; Deuteronomy 4:6-8; Isaiah 2:2-5; 42:6; 49:6; 52:10; 56:6, 7; 60:1-3; 61:9; 62:2; Zechariah 2:11; 8:22, 23; etc. 4:14; Colossians 2:2-4, 8; 2 Peter 1:16; Revelation 22:18). Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). We may request cookies to be set on your device. ), During this period Judah became the sovereign nation of Israel: The Maccabean Revolt 167 to 160 BC. An table see shows where in time the prophets fit within the northern kingdom of Israel both the southern kingdom of Judah. The completeness and finality of this rejection is evident from chapter 8:19, 20: As the nations which the Lord destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the Lord your God. The rejection of Jesus by the leaders of Israel (cf. Pests and diseases, flood and drought, crop failureall these would eventually disappear. The Temple was apparently rebuilt, and sacrifices were regularly offered at the time of the prophets activity (chapter 1:7-10). They forfeited Gods blessing because of failure to fulfill His purpose in making them His chosen people, and thus brought ruin upon themselves. Without this, the many advantages would only result in harm to themselves and to others. They would send messengers to Israel with the declaration, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you (Zechariah 8:23). (prophecy of Deborah) During the Kingdom of Israel and Judah c. 1025 BC-c. 1003 BC [citation needed] King Saul, prophecy of Samuel, From the visible their minds were to be directed to the invisible, from the seen to the unseen, from the material to the spiritual, from the temporal to the eternal. Eventually, however, it became apparent that the Jews would never measure up to the standard God required of them, as Malachi makes evident (chapters 1:6, 12; 2:2, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17; 3:7, 13, 14). One royal visitor to Jerusalem exclaimed, The half was not told me! (1 Kings 10:1-9). June 30, 2021 Last time we considered together the later part of the reign of Josiah. . Jeremiah 12:14-16). When the probationary period of 490 years ended, the nation was still obdurate and impenitent, and as a result forfeited its privileged role as His representative on earth. [1][2]The last Jewish prophet is believed to have been Malachi. Peter concurs, saying, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons, for in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him (Acts 10:34, 35; cf. Similarly, the ways in which God dealt with men in crises of the past are often cited as examples of the manner in which He will deal with all the world in the last day (see on Deuteronomy 18:15). He quotes Hosea 2:23. In spite of the bold and zealous efforts of such prophets as Elijah, Elisha, Amos, and Hosea, the northern kingdom rapidly deteriorated and was eventually carried into Assyrian captivity. Prophet go. Hence, Jonah was probably the earliest of the prophets under discussion. Remember thatgenerally speakingit was originally given with respect to the historical circumstances that called it forth. They were to become a nation of intellectual geniuses, and feebleness of mind would eventually have been unknown among them. 2. Isaiah | Biography, Prophet, Theology, & Facts | Britannica who were active at that time. After Jerusalems fall in 586, Nebuchadnezzar allowed Jeremiah to stay with the remnant of his people who were left in the country (chapter 40:1-6). Several prophecies followed a few months later (Zechariah 1:7 to 6:15). To this can be added the mention of Greeks (chapter 3:6), who hardly played a role in Near Eastern history earlier than the 7th century. 3. We should never forget that whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for the learning of future generations to the end of time, to inspire patience, comfort, and hope (Romans 15:4). --"when a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD, if the thing does not happen or come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD has not spoken". His work is characterized by skill in the use of language, a well-balanced syntax, and a lively and impressive poetry. He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). The covenant with literal Israel proved faulty, not because God failed to carry out His part of the covenant, but rather because Israels fair promises proved evanescent as the morning dew (Hosea 6:4; 13:3; Hebrews 8:6, 7).
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