But at the same time, it is (like world cinema) a travelling concept that depends on mobility and the crossing of cultural boundaries to come into being. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient. One of course can try to balance that. 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? Nevertheless, it would be wrong to assume that world cinema per se is decoded as exotic. exoticism noun [ U ] uk / zt..s.z m / us / z.t.s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country the exoticism of the East Want to learn more? In this essay, I set out to demonstrate that world cinema and exoticism are both traveling concepts, constituted in and through transnational mobility and the process of traversing cultural boundaries and borders of various kinds. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland - Academia.edu Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism. In: Stephanie, Dennison and Song, Hwee Lim, eds., Remapping World Cinema: Identity, Culture and Politics in Film. While the term exotic denotes the imaginary qualities or essence of difference that are projected on to cultures as well as natural environments that are radically different from ones own, exoticism describes a particular representational strategy or, as Graham Huggan (2001: 13) writes in The Postcolonial Exotic, a mode of aesthetic perception [] which renders people, objects and places strange even as it domesticates them, and which effectively manufactures otherness even as it claims to surrender to its immanent mystery. In order for exoticism to enable the kind of imaginative investment that replaces cultural authenticity with the construction of an idealised (or, conversely, threatening) form of alterity, it needs to traverse spatial (and frequently also temporal) distances, as well as cultural and/or national borders. Connell, John (2003). It is worth emphasising that cultural translation shapes world cinema at every single stage. What particular qualities do films as diverse as Raise the Red Lantern, LOdeur de la papaye verte (The Scent of Green Papaya, Trn Anh Hng, France/Vietnam, 1993), Como agua para chocolate (Like Water for Chocolate, Alfonso Arau, Mexico, 1992), Fa yeung nin wa (In the Mood for Love, Wong Kar-wai, Hong Kong/China, 2000), Three Seasons (Tony Bui, Vietnam/USA, 2000), Water (Deepa Mehta, Canada/India, 2007), The Assassin, Tanna (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, Australia/Vanuatu, 2015) and El abrazo de la serpiente (Embrace of the Serpent, Ciro Guerra, Columbia/Venezuela/Argentina, 2015) possess to elicit the exotic gaze in the spectator? London and New York: Continuum. Moreover, its transnational appeal is usually part of a deliberate strategy which non-Western filmmakers deploy to pander to the tastes and expectations of Western critics and audiences. An accurate translation Nagib, Lcia (2011). What is Calque (or Loan Translation) | BLEND Blog Meaning of exoticism. The history of the terms "anthropology" and "ethnology" tells much about the changing scope of the field and central deba, Cultural Relativism Durham: Duke University Press. Exoticism demonstrates itself in colorful spectacles of otherness purporting to be an unmediated expression of natural drives and instincts. Exh.cat. Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Claudia Swan Whilecontent andlanguageformacertain unityinthe original,like afruit andits skin,the languageofthe translationenvelopsits content likearoyal robe with amplefolds.For it signifiesamoreexalted languagethan itsown andthusremains unsuited to itscontent, overpowering andalien. (April 27, 2023). (ztszm) noun. This paper reassesses the working relationship between Jan van Vliet and Rembrandt in the context of printmaking practices in seventeenth-century Holland. endobj Their purpose is to show the exotic nature of the text. Exoticism, as a cultural phenomenon, has mainly been examined via related critical concepts. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. For instance, if I were translating the classic VW advertising text from the early 1990s, I might leave the German term for "the joy of driving" in German: "Fahrvergngen". New York: Columbia University Press. Methodologically, this essay combines a close reading of the idealized representations of things in domestic spaces we encounter in paintings with an analysis of the materiality, design and historical trajectories of the things themselves. Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television. Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit. Exoticism in the Enlightenment. The film was shot in the classic three-strip Technicolor process to achieve a richness of reds and yellows no longer visible in Hollywood cinema which abandoned the three-strip Technicolor camera in 1954. The term exoticism describes a cultural phenomenon that projects Western fantasies about profound cultural differences. I knew there was some discretion in translating and it was more of an art than a science, but I didnt realize how much discretion is involved. The Guardian, 21 January. Hou reduces the customary fast-paced battle scenes, which are the genres main attraction, to just a few brief moments. However, I did not fully identify what that means. And secondly, because the idea of an original, authentic, or pure Other culture, uncontaminated by Western and other influences is an essentialist fallacy, especially in a world of global interconnectedness and hybridisation, in which the very notion of cultural purity has become a fantasy. endobj Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin. As exotic goods and materials become part of the domestic environment, global goods gain local meanings, and simultaneously bestow new layers of meaning on the material culture of the early modern Netherlands. In: Matthew, Bernstein and Gaylyn, Studlar, eds., Visions of the East: Orientalism in Film. Kabbani, Rana. What does exoticism mean? However, the relationship between realist and exoticist modes of representation is more complicated and they are not mutually exclusive. History Exoticism functions like a hermeneutic circuit that relies on the appropriation and reworking of established iconographic conventions and narrative tropes in order to be recognised as such. Furthermore, as defendants of cultural translation have argued, such hermeneutic collisions and reconfigurations are actually highly productive interactions that bring about cultural innovation, provided that the power differentials are not too extreme (Papastergiadis, 2011: 7). endobj xZr}WSj*n@o8N$Xm^R>#V.=Z*^f14O ~8:m.ng#/t75 r#fh!3R6b41B{)cP;[%f-u s.Qy']y30&>J;e3ocQ5w5#Nka\TYZ?}uZH6 wg]ls^Zmm (LogOut/ 1640. The film premiered at the 1991 Venice Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion and was subsequently nominated for the Academy Awards. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. The question is, when are you more loyal to one or the other. Once associated with the exotic "Eastern" themes and styles of Eugene Delacroix's, James McNeill Whistler's, and John Singer Sargent's, Fantasy Much of contemporary world cinema is, in addition, also transnational in terms of its modes of global cultural production and funding. What they find [] is what they already knew they would find, images predigested by certain platitudes and commonplaces. Ronys observation goes a long way in explaining why exotic forms of cultural representation often seem clichd and stereotypical. Very interesting. Although exoticism is associated with notions of animality, it carefully distances itself from the violence and exploitation that characterize the related concept of barbarism. The films narrative thwarts a long list of (Western) spectators expectations such as the one-to-one match of actor and character, expository detail on the character constellations and their backstories, as well as wuxias generic conventions. Translation Studies 4 (1), pp. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. Ron Shapiro (2000: 41) sums up the pejorative attitude, prevalent in particular amongst postcolonial scholars, with acerbic cynicism: To speak of the exotic [] is to condone all manner of European imperialisms and colonialisms, and to deliberately condemn the so-called sub-altern to continued misery. Yet he is actually one of the relatively few defendants of exoticism and argues that exoticism is not necessarily false and evil (42) but has a rightful place as an imaginary construction of the Other, or indeed the Self as Other, because politics and the imagination need to be kept separate. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Entirely apart from the plot, there is the sensuous pleasure of the architecture, the fabrics, the color contrasts, the faces of the actresses.. On the other hand, if one wanted to completely get rid of the origins of the text and make it as user-friendly for the reader as possible, one would remove all such exoticisms and replace them with colloquial terms that any American would readily understand. For example, Mira Nairs films Salaam Bombay! VW left that word in its ad in English to emphasize that the car is German, and to give the reader (or listener) the notion of something unusual and exotic, to underline that the car is made in Germany, and thus has great engineering, etc. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). by Erik Hinterding and Jaco Rutgers, Rubens and the bird of paradise. If we conceive of world cinema and its transnational exhibition on the film festival circuit (and beyond) as such a contact zone then the interactive exchange occurring in this space is, on the one hand, the expectation of metropolitan audiences to encounter a particular kind of world cinema that corresponds to their exotic fantasies of Other cultures and, on the other hand, the creation of autoethnographic texts, that is, films made by non-Western filmmakers which appropriate the idioms of metropolitan representation (Pratt, 1992: 7). He was following in the footsteps of the painter Paul Gauguin, whose colourful paintings of semi-nude Polynesian women against the backdrop of lush tropical scenery have shaped the Western imagination of the Polynesian islands. For example, the documentary realist aesthetics of the Iranian New Wave films, which Nichols uses as a case study in his essay, is far too austere to qualify as exotic. I seek to show that through vision and touch, and the proximity of objects to bodies in domestic environments, goods from all over the world become part of the material culture of the seventeenth-century Netherlands. xviixxii. The demand of the nineteenth century for information about non-European peoples gave rise to numerous cheap reproductions of ethnographic drawings. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. endobj However, the date of retrieval is often important. Offering Tales they Want to Hear: Transnational European Film Funding as Neo-Orientalism. 'x6cB2 `Me * The encounter with the exotic Other has traditionally been imagined as a re-awakening of the senses that have been dulled by the repetitive humdrum of modernity (cf. 20 May. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'exoticism.' Framegrab. a person, an institution, an animal, a plant etc.) Travelling Concepts: Postcolonial Approaches to Exoticism. Like world cinema, exoticism is a travelling concept that depends on mobility and the crossing of cultural boundaries to come into existence. Berghahn, Daniela (2017). The Presence, Influence and Collection of Seventeenth-Century Netherlandish Art in Hungary, Bibliography to Sehnsucht Persien/The Fascination of Persia. "Jan van Vliet and Rembrandt van Rijn: Their Collaboration Reassessed", in: S. Dickey (ed. 1972. Encyclopedia.com. The Five Concepts Of Cultural Transposition | ipl.org Commenting on the films captivating beauty, film critic Roger Ebert (1992) notes: There is a sense in which Raise the Red Lantern exists solely for the eyes. SEE ALSO Cannibalism; Enlightenment; Gaze, Colonial; Gaze, The; Orientalism; Other, The; Prostitution; Sexuality; Stare, The; Stereotypes; Tourism; Travel and Travel Writing; White Supremacy. The Location of Culture. Notes on Painterly Narrative in the Early Work of Rembrandt, The Odalisque. Said, Edward. Their common denominator is, as I shall illustrate, that they resonate with the multi-faceted iconography of exoticism. EXOTICISM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary Notions of the exotic are associated with the lush vegetation of the tropics, geographically positioned between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. Persian Art and the Crafting of Polish Identity. Khoo, Olivia (2007). The aim of this study is to investigate translation from the perspective of those who employ translators by analyzing a database of job advertisements for a variety of translation-related. Chinese Cinemas (18961996) and Transnational Film Studies. endobj You can subscribe via RSS 2.0 feed to this post's comments. Films like Tanna, Embrace of the Serpent, Three Seasons, The Scent of Green Papaya and numerous other exotic films referenced in this essay are easily accessible in terms of their narrative and historical background to transnational audiences. Learn a new word every day. 1978. Keywords: modulation, naturalness, equivalence Introduction It has been understood by translators that translating a text is not just a matter of finding the correct words in the TL, and using the correct TL grammar. Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. Exoticism. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exoticism. 327. Shapiro, Ron (2000). Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Mediating Netherlandish Art and Material Culture in Asia, Golahny, Amy: Rembrandt and everyday life: the fusion of genre and history.. Add exoticism to one of your lists below, or create a new one. ." Introduction: The Impurity of Art Cinema. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. It is not suitable for many language pairs . . According to David Damrosch (2003: 175), works become world literature by being received into the space of a foreign culture, a space defined in many ways by the host cultures national tradition and the present needs of its own writers. Rather than conceiving of world literature as a canon of foreign literary masterpieces, Damrosch describes it as a mode of transnational circulation and reception that gains in translation. Not much Arctic exoticism. Segalens slim volume Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity was posthumously published and is an unfinished fragment that reflects his impressions of Tahiti and China whereto he travelled between 1902 and 1919. Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound "exotic" in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. Within that early modern connected world, material culture played a key role. They conjure up ideas of a bountiful nature, fertility, and uninhibited sexuality. Papastergiadis, Nikos (2011). 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. <> 93-128. More than a century of ethnographic research profoundly supports the theory of cultural relativity, the theory that, Benedict, Ruth Typographic Calque This occurs when typographical conventions that exist only in the source language are transferred to the new language. BIBLIOGRAPHY (USA/India/France/UK, 1988) and Monsoon Wedding (USA/India/Italy/Germany/France/UK, 2001) blend a documentary realist aesthetic (in the street scenes) with the exotic spectacle of vibrant colours (inside the Bombay brothel and at the Hindu wedding) and other exotic visual and narrative tropes, such as Indian poverty. How then are certain global art films decoded as exotic, while others are simply strange or bewildering? Such translations may have a great impact on target language readers because of their foreign and exotic ideas. 2023 . 1986. In most cases too, we find a country having several social/cultural diversities. Tannese children and the star-crossed lovers frolicking amid ferns and fronds and a native heralding a call to all villagers on conch shell are further references to what can be regarded as the cinematic Urtext of the South Sea genre (cf. 'Cataloguing Rubens and Rembrandt. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. the quality of being exotic; "he loved the exoticism of Egypt". FRAGMENTARY INVENTORY OF DECEASED DISSIDENTS. Whether or not this kind of autoethnography is a deliberate strategy or an unconscious process is one of the questions that Rey Chow addresses in her study Primitive Passions on Fifth Generation Chinese cinema and Chinese visual culture more broadly. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. It adopts a cultural perspective that is firmly entrenched in the conventions and belief systems of Western civilization and therefore constructs the East as the archetypical location of otherness. London and New York: I. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. Halle, Randall (2010). Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity. The visual pleasure afforded by exotic spectacle is arguably the chief vehicle that allows world cinema to travel and be understood, or misunderstood, as the case may be, by cultural outsiders who are potentially disadvantaged by a hermeneutic deficit of culturally specific knowledge when trying to understand films from elsewhere. Good stuff. Encyclopedia.com. Experimente el exotismo de la Medina de Marrakech. She regards fiction films such as Chen Kaiges Huang tu di (Yellow Earth, China, 1984) and Zhang Yimous award-winning Ju Dou (China/Japan, 1990) and Dahong Denglong Gaogao gua (Raise the Red Lantern, China/Hong Kong/Taiwan, 1991) as a new type of ethnography practiced by those who were previously ethnographized and who have, in the postcolonial age, taken up the active task of ethnographizing their own cultures (Chow, 1995: 180). This essay is based on the notion that the early modern world was shaped by connections that stretched across geographical, political and cultural boundaries. A Closer Look at the Corpus Rubenianum and the Rembrandt Research Project.' Huggan, Graham. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. Eine historische Vergegenwrtigung. Social Text, 15, pp. "Post-Exoticism in Ten Lessons: Lesson Eleven" by Antoine Volodine [A 1995. Sight & Sound, February, p. 68. This article aims to make a contribution to this urgent critical endeavour, not by mapping the various critical debates that surround the concept of world cinema, but, instead, by exploring the role exoticism plays in the transnational reception of world cinema. In: Goethezeitportal [http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf]. Lutz Bassmann went first and kept his mouth shut the whole time. In. The Island of Borneo evokes a powerful exoticism. In Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination. In A. Langer (Ed. Saids study of Europes most enduring exotic fantasies about the Middle East set the beginning for other postcolonial interrogations of romanticized projections of the cultural other by which the West continues to assert its superiority. La Isla de Borneo evoca un poderoso exotismo. Segalen, 2002: 61). Prostitution and the exploitation of countless women, children, and some men are side effects of exoticisms tendency toward aesthetic abstraction and voyeuristic commodification of its participating actors. E-Book Collections Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press Releases and Reports. The mobility of early modern people, ideas and things, and the networks they created and relied on, facilitated flows of material and immaterial interactions. Questions addressed include: Did Rembrandt really hire Van Vliet as his printmaker, like Rubens hired Vorster-man, Pontius and others? Against this background, contemporary world cinema and the global film festival circuit, its prime site of exhibition, can be understood as a new type of contact zone, which Mary Louise Pratt has famously theorised in the colonial context as the intercultural space of symbolic exchange and transculturation, catering for cosmopolitan cinephiles and their interest in cultural difference. Ruth Fulton Benedict (18871948), originator of the configurational approach to culture, was a mature woman when she en, Culture areas are geographical territories in which characteristic culture patterns are recognizable through repeated associations of specific traits, Exoteric-Esoteric (Kenmitsu) Buddhism in Japan, Expanded Food Nutrition and Education Program, Expanding Educational Opportunities for the Masses, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, Transculturation and Religion: An Overview. anything exotic, as a foreign word or idiom. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, "Exoticism Hou Hsiao-hsiens first foray into the wuxia genre, The Assassin, deftly illustrates this. A Subaltern Studies Reader: 19861995. Exotismus in den Niederlanden der Fruhen Neuzeit, Exotica on the Move: Birds of Paradise in Early Modern Holland, Domesticating Goods from Overseas: Global Material Culture in the Early Modern Netherlands, Rembrandt and his Time - through Hungarian Eyes. London: Macmillan. It is precisely these perceived Oriental qualities [] that separate Chinese and Western audience preferences for Zhangs films and Gong Lis images (Reynaud cited in Lu, 1997: 126).